What is the primary function of the ozone layer?

The primary function of the ozone layer is to shield Earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere and contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) molecules. These molecules are effective at absorbing the majority of the sun's harmful UV radiation, specifically UV-B and UV-C types, which can lead to serious health issues, including skin cancer and cataracts, as well as negatively impacting ecosystems and wildlife.

While regulating temperature is a function of the atmosphere, it is not the primary role of the ozone layer. The same can be said for providing oxygen for respiration and assisting in weather formation; both are vital processes within the atmosphere but do not describe the specific protective role that the ozone layer plays regarding UV radiation. Thus, the ozone layer's crucial protective function is to absorb and mitigate the effects of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, making it essential for maintaining the health of living organisms and the environment.